Tag: XBP1
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ER Stress Biomarkers in COPD: Key Indicators for Management
Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) encompasses a spectrum of chronic inflammatory lung diseases characterized by persistent airflow limitation and progressive decline in lung function. Beyond traditional risk factors like tobacco exposure, accumulating evidence highlights the role of cellular stress responses—particularly endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress—in COPD pathogenesis. ER stress activates the unfolded protein response (UPR),…
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ER Stress Biomarkers in COPD: Key Indicators of Disease Activity
Introduction to ER Stress and COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous respiratory condition marked by persistent inflammation, airway remodeling, and progressive loss of lung function. In recent years, researchers have turned to cellular stress pathways to better understand COPD pathogenesis. A central player is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a cellular state triggered…