Introduction Saturn’s magnetosphere continuously bathes Enceladus with trapped plasma and energetic ions. This radiation environment can chemically weather the moon’s surface ice, potentially shaping the materials observed near the south polar plume. In a focused study, researchers subjected Enceladean ice analogues—composed of H2O, CO2, CH4, and NH3—to water-group ions (such as O+, O3+, OH+, and…