Introduction: The Challenge of Capacity and Conductivity in Li-Ion Anodes As the demand for high-energy, long-life Li-ion batteries (LIBs) grows—driven by electric vehicles, grid storage, and portable electronics—researchers are revisiting alternative electrode materials beyond the conventional graphite anodes. Copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) has attracted attention due to its spinel structure, redox flexibility, and potential for high-rate…