Introduction: A Small, Smart Leap in Actuation Researchers are redefining how soft robotic systems move at the microscale. The development of 3D-printed, low-voltage-driven ciliary hydrogel microactuators marks a significant advance in soft robotics and microfluidics. Unlike millimetre-scale hydrogel devices that relied on interfacial pH or osmotic gradients, these micrometre-scale actuators operate through internal ion migration…