New findings: a sharp rise in amputations across Illinois
A recent Northwestern Medicine study reveals a striking increase in leg and foot amputations among patients treated in Illinois hospitals, with the rate climbing by 65% between 2016 and 2023. While the research confirms a troubling trend, it also highlights who is most affected and points to underlying factors that health systems must address to reverse the trajectory.
Who is most affected?
The study identifies several groups disproportionately impacted by the rise in amputations. Men, Black patients, and individuals living in areas with low socioeconomic status experienced higher amputation rates compared with other populations. These disparities mirror broader patterns seen in access to healthcare, chronic disease management, and preventive care, underscoring the intersection of medical need and social determinants of health.
What might be driving the increase?
Experts suggest multiple contributors to the upward trend. In Illinois, the burden of chronic conditions such as diabetes and peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a key factor, as both conditions commonly precede lower-extremity amputations. Delays in diagnosis, gaps in routine foot and limb care, and inconsistent access to specialty vascular services can all elevate risk. The study’s timeframe also coincides with broader shifts in healthcare delivery and population health management that may influence treatment timelines and outcomes.
Why disparities matter for policy and care delivery
Disproportionate impact on Black patients and those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds suggests that social determinants of health play a critical role in limb health. Limited transportation, fewer nearby specialty clinics, and economic barriers to consistent preventive care can delay intervention for PAD and diabetes, increasing the likelihood of progression to amputation. Addressing these inequities requires targeted outreach, community-based screening programs, and ensuring access to affordable, timely vascular and diabetes care regardless of income or race.
What hospitals and clinicians can do now
Health systems across Illinois can act on several fronts. First, strengthen early detection and preventive care for diabetes and PAD, especially in high-risk communities. Second, expand access to vascular surgery services, wound care, and limb-preserving treatments, including newer revascularization techniques when appropriate. Third, invest in patient education that emphasizes foot care, foot inspections, and prompt attention to wounds. Finally, collect and analyze local data on disparities to tailor interventions and monitor progress over time.
Looking ahead: turning data into action
The 65% rise is a call to action for clinicians, policymakers, and community leaders. By prioritizing equitable access to preventive care, enhancing early diagnosis, and supporting limb-sparing interventions, Illinois can aim to slow or reverse this trend. Ongoing research will be essential to understand evolving risk factors and to measure the impact of targeted strategies designed to protect limb health for all residents.
