Why Expanding Meningitis Vaccination Matters
Meningitis remains a serious global health threat, with different strains caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Health experts in the Philippines and beyond are advocating for expanding vaccination coverage to protect against a wider array of meningitis-causing agents rather than focusing on a single strain. While vaccines have saved countless lives, survivors often face long-term neurological and developmental challenges, underscoring the need for broader protection.
Current Vaccination Landscape and Limitations
Presently, the National Immunization Program prioritizes two vaccines: pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). These vaccines address the most prevalent meningitis-causing pathogens but do not cover all causal strains. Pediatric infectious disease experts emphasize that immunity is not absolute; surviving one meningitis episode does not guarantee protection against other strains or forms of the disease.
Expert Voices on Expanded Coverage
Pediatric neurologist Jo Janette de la Calzada notes that vaccines play a crucial role in broadening protection against invasive strains. “Kaya importante ‘yung vaccine kasi it will cover a lot of the invasive strains na in the hope na hindi talaga siya (individual) matamaan,” she explains. Yet she adds a sobering reminder: “You’re not immune to all.”
Pediatric infectious disease specialist Liza Antoinette Gonzales echoes the call for a more comprehensive approach. She cautions that shifting resources to new vaccines should not undermine ongoing efforts to expand coverage for the already essential vaccines. “I would focus maybe to expand the coverage for both of these vaccines first, maybe before introducing the meningococcal vaccine,” she says, highlighting the need for a balanced strategy that maximizes public health impact.
The Global and Local Burden of Meningitis
Data from the Meningitis Progress Tracker place the Philippines among the countries with high meningitis incidence in Asia-Pacific for 2021, ranking second among 27 nations and 32nd globally. UNICEF estimates that nearly 40% of meningitis-related deaths occur in children under five, underscoring the disproportionate impact on vulnerable populations.
Balancing Public Health Priorities
Experts and advocacy groups—including the Philippine Foundation for Vaccination, GSK Philippines, and medical societies—urged policymakers to broaden vaccine inclusion in public programs. There is ongoing discussion about adding meningitis vaccines to the Z Benefit Package under the Philippine Health Insurance Corp., which would reduce out-of-pocket costs and improve access.
Private hospitals currently offer vaccines for Japanese encephalitis and meningococcal disease, but at higher prices. Making these vaccines publicly available could prevent infections that carry the risk of long-term complications such as seizures, epilepsy, and learning disabilities.
Public Awareness and Early Action
Beyond vaccines, awareness is key. Early recognition of meningitis symptoms—severe headache, stiff neck, fever, seizures, and rashes—can prompt timely treatment and better outcomes. De la Calzada stresses that prevention will save more lives in the long term and help people maintain normal lives after vaccination.
Moving Forward: A Call to Action
Experts urge a phased approach: strengthen coverage for the two essential vaccines, consider expanding to include additional meningitis vaccines where feasible, and ensure that new vaccines do not divert attention from proven interventions. Collaborative efforts by health authorities, medical societies, and international partners can help translate this vision into tangible improvements in vaccination rates and disease prevention.
As World Meningitis Day draws attention to the varied causes and consequences of the disease, the overarching message is clear: broader protection means fewer illnesses, fewer complications, and healthier communities. Vaccination, when aligned with awareness and access, has the power to reduce the burden of meningitis and preserve the potential of children and families worldwide.
