Understanding Genital Warts and HPV in Peru
In Peru, more than 400,000 adults develop genital warts each year, a common manifestation of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Urologist Dr. Manuel Delgado Pacheco, president of the Peruvian Urology Society, notes that despite the high incidence, there is still limited awareness about how to recognize, prevent, and cope with the health, sexual, and emotional impact of these lesions. Genital warts can appear as lumps in the genital or anal area and, in some cases, in the throat or mouth. They may cause pain, itching, and discomfort during sexual activity, affecting intimate relationships and self-esteem.
What Causes Genital Warts and Who Is Most Affected?
Most cases of genital warts are caused by HPV types 6 and 11. While treatments are often effective at removing visible lesions, relapses are common, which can disrupt sexual relationships and reduce quality of life. In Peru, data from the Ministry of Health (MINSA) show that anogenital warts were 8,172 cases in 2023, then declined to 5,418 in 2024 — a 34% decrease. Experts attribute this drop, in part, to the expansion of free HPV vaccination for adolescents and young people up to 18 years old. However, about 88% of cases occur in people aged 18 to 60, a demographic less likely to be captured by the national immunization program.
Cost of Treatment in the Public Health System
Financial Impact
The economic burden of treating genital warts is substantial. Clinicians estimate that managing each case costs the public health system around US$60, driven largely by medical staff time. Taken together, the annual cost exceeds US$25 million. These funds could potentially be redirected toward vaccination campaigns and regular health checks, reducing both incidence and long-term expenditures.
Beyond the Physical: Psychological and Social Impact
For many patients, the burden goes beyond the physical symptoms. Studies highlight a significant psychological load associated with visible lesions, sometimes even greater than more serious cervical HPV-related conditions, particularly among women who notice visible warts. This underlines the need for compassionate care, counseling, and timely treatment options to restore confidence and sexual health.
Prevention and What to Do If You Notice Lesions
Preventive measures remain the most effective way to curb the impact of HPV. Vaccination against HPV, along with routine medical checkups, stands as the cornerstone of prevention. While condoms reduce the risk of transmission, they do not provide complete protection against HPV, which can affect areas not covered by a condom. Regular screening and prompt medical evaluation of any suspicious lesions are essential steps in early diagnosis and management.
Conclusion: The Path Forward
Given the sizable burden of genital warts in Peru and their potential to affect sexual health and emotional well-being, vaccination and routine medical surveillance are critical. Public health strategies that further expand vaccine coverage beyond the 18-year mark, coupled with accessible testing and treatment, can help reduce both the health burden and the economic costs associated with HPV-related conditions.
