Overview: HPV Genital Warts in Peru and What They Mean for Health
In Peru, more than 400,000 adults develop genital warts each year, a common manifestation of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). A surgeon and president of the Peruvian Society of Urology, Dr. Manuel Delgado Pacheco, has highlighted that despite their high incidence, many people lack knowledge about recognizing, preventing, and understanding the impact of these lesions on sexual and emotional health. Genital warts appear as bumps in the genital or anal area and, in some cases, in the throat or mouth. They can cause pain, itching, and discomfort during intimate relations, affecting the quality of life for those affected.
While treatments are often effective, these lesions tend to recur, which can disrupt relationships and self-esteem. Public health experts emphasize that addressing HPV-related conditions requires both medical care and broader prevention strategies, including vaccination and routine health checks.
Recent Trends in Anogenital Warts: What the Data Show
According to the Ministry of Health (MINSA), 8,172 cases of anogenital warts were reported in 2023, dropping to 5,418 in 2024 — a 34% decline. Health officials attribute part of this decrease to the expansion of free HPV vaccination for adolescents and young people up to 18 years old. Nevertheless, a striking 88% of cases involve people aged 18 to 60 — a group not covered by the current immunization program, underscoring the ongoing gap in protection for adults who remain at risk.
What Is the Cost of Treating Genital Warts in Peru?
The economic impact of these lesions on the public health system is notable. A physician involved in urology care estimated that treating each case costs roughly US$60 to the public sector, mainly reflecting the time required by healthcare professionals for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. When considering all cases, the annual expenditure exceeds US$25 million. This figure could be substantially reduced through timely vaccination and regular medical checkups that prevent progression and recurrence.
Why Genital Warts Matter Beyond the Physical Symptoms
Genital warts are typically caused by HPV types 6 and 11 in more than 90% of cases. The consequences extend beyond the physical symptoms; studies indicate that the psychological burden can be significant, particularly for women who have visible lesions. Fear of stigma, concerns about transmission, and impact on sexual relationships can affect mental well-being and intimate life, highlighting the need for compassionate care and counseling as part of treatment plans.
Prevention: The Key Roles of Vaccination and Regular Checkups
Prevention remains the most effective strategy. Vaccination against HPV, along with regular medical checkups, stands out as the primary measure to reduce the incidence and long-term consequences of HPV-related conditions. While free vaccination for those under 18 has contributed to a decline in cases, expanding access to vaccination for adults and improving routine screening could further lower the disease burden. It’s important to note that while condoms reduce the risk of HPV transmission, they do not provide complete protection, underscoring the value of vaccination as a preventive tool.
What to Do If You Suspect a Lesion
If you notice a suspicious lesion in the genital, anal, or oral region, seek medical evaluation promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can reduce symptoms, prevent complications, and minimize the chance of recurrence. Self-treatment is not recommended, and a healthcare professional can offer accurate diagnosis and a personalized treatment plan. While vaccination is not a treatment for existing infections, it remains a crucial preventive measure for future protection, and individuals up to 60 years old should discuss vaccination with their clinician as part of a broader sexual health strategy.
Bottom Line: Protecting Health Through Vaccination and Vigilance
The data from Peru illustrate a clear message: HPV-related genital warts are a common, preventable health issue with tangible economic and personal costs. Vaccination and routine health checks are the strongest tools to reduce this burden, while awareness and access to care help mitigate the emotional toll on those affected. If you or a loved one notices a concerning change in the genital area, a timely medical consult is essential. Condom use can lower risk, but vaccination remains the most effective long-term protection against HPV-related disease.
