Overview
The United States is facing a formal government shutdown after Congress failed to pass a funding package, marking the first time in nearly seven years that funding has lapsed. With political wrangling over a budget package tied to health care and other priorities, the lapse in funding means non‑essential federal operations pause while essential services continue to function. This situation creates widespread uncertainty for workers, recipients of benefits, and the public relying on federal programs.
What continues to run
Military and national security
Active‑duty military operations and core national security functions maintain continuity. Pay timelines for some civilian defense personnel can be uncertain, and in a shutdown, civilian staff may face furloughs even as service members work to protect national interests.
Social Security and the Post Office
Social Security payments generally continue, though some ancillary Social Security Administration functions may face disruption. The United States Postal Service, funded separately from annual appropriations, is expected to keep delivering mail and services where possible.
Other essential services
Public safety, law enforcement, border protection, and critical emergency responses are designed to continue. Some health and safety programs remain operational, but certain administrative functions tied to funding may be constrained.
Possible disruptions
Courts and the IRS
Without a new funding action, federal courts could run out of money and slow operations. The Internal Revenue Service may operate on a shortened schedule after an initial grace period, with guidance on longer‑term staffing still to be clarified. Air traffic controllers and other aviation safety staff could work without pay, potentially causing delays and safety considerations across the system.
Other federal agencies
Various non‑essential agencies may suspend public programs, delaying grants, research, and administrative services that rely on annual appropriations.
Business and economy
Small businesses could see reduced productivity as employees are furloughed, and loan approvals from the Small Business Administration may slow for equipment purchases and building upgrades. Disaster relief financing remains, but programs could face staffing gaps. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) holds disaster relief funds, yet thousands of staff could be furloughed, affecting preparedness and response capacity during emergencies.
Closures
National parks and many Smithsonian museums are likely to close during a funding gap. Federal buildings that welcome the public, including sites like Capitol visitor centers and some FBI visitor facilities, may also close. The degree of closure can vary based on the scope of the funding lapse and agency contingencies.
What this means for you
Individuals relying on federal programs should monitor official channels for updates on benefits, deadlines, and service access. Expect potential delays in approvals and assistance; plan for longer processing times, and have essential documents ready if online options are available. Those with upcoming appointments or mandatory filings should seek guidance from agency portals and official helplines.
End game
A shutdown ends once Congress passes a new funding bill or a temporary extension is enacted and signed into law. Until then, the scope and severity of impacts will vary by agency, with some services continuing and others experiencing interruptions as political talks proceed.
