What is hand, foot and mouth disease?
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common viral illness caused by enteroviruses. It most often affects young children, but people of any age can get infected. Symptoms typically include fever, mouth sores, and a characteristic rash on the hands and feet, though the presentation can vary. While HFMD is usually mild and self-limiting, outbreaks can be uncomfortable and disruptive for families, daycare centers, and schools.
Why the surge now?
Health officials are noting rising HFMD activity in several states this fall. Factors behind spikes can include seasonal transmission patterns, small changes in circulating enteroviruses, and high contact among children in daycare and school settings as routines resume after summer breaks. While some years see higher numbers, the current uptick underscores the importance of awareness and early detection to prevent further spread.
Recognizing the symptoms
Typical HFMD symptoms often develop 3–7 days after exposure and can include:
- Fever, reduced appetite, and irritability
- Painful mouth ulcers or sores on the tongue, gums, and inside of the cheeks
- A rash on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and sometimes the buttocks or genital area
Some people, especially adults, may have milder symptoms or be asymptomatic. In rare cases, dehydration can occur if painful mouth sores make drinking difficult. If a child has fever lasting more than a couple of days, extreme irritability, dehydration signs, or symptoms worsening after a few days, seeking medical advice is advised.
How HFMD spreads
HFMD is highly contagious and spreads through:
– Direct person-to-person contact with saliva, mucus, or blister fluid
– Contact with contaminated surfaces or objects, such as toys and play areas
– Respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes
Because the virus can survive on surfaces for hours, rigorous hygiene is essential to limit transmission in homes and care facilities.
Prevention tips for families
Parents and caregivers can reduce risk by adopting practical safety measures:
- Encourage frequent handwashing with soap and water, especially after diaper changes, using the bathroom, or handling toys
- Disinfect commonly touched surfaces daily (doorknobs, toys, tables) with an appropriate cleaner
- Keep children home from school or daycare if they have fever or mouth sores, and follow local guidance on when to return
- Avoid sharing utensils, cups, and towels among children
- Remind older siblings and caregivers to wash hands frequently and monitor for symptoms
While there is no vaccine for HFMD, most cases resolve within 7–10 days. Pain relief for mouth sores and fever can be discussed with a pediatrician, and ensuring adequate fluid intake is important to prevent dehydration.
When to seek medical care
Call a healthcare provider if a child has:
- Persistent fever above 102°F (38.9°C) for more than a couple of days
- Difficulty swallowing or signs of dehydration (few or no wet diapers, dry mouth)
- Severe or worsening symptoms, or if there is a concern about a high-risk group (infants, immunocompromised individuals)
In most cases, HFMD is manageable at home with rest, fluids, and basic symptom care. Public health officials continue to monitor trends to guide prevention messaging and school policies.
