Overview: A Surge in Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
Hand, Foot and Mouth disease (HFMD) is making a notable comeback across several US states this fall. Health officials report that cases in some areas, such as Maryland, are four to five times higher than last year. While HFMD is most common in young children, outbreaks can affect people of all ages, especially those who have close contact with infected individuals. Understanding the symptoms and how to prevent spread is essential for families, schools, and caregivers as communities navigate this uptick in enterovirus activity.
What to Watch For: Recognizing HFMD Symptoms
HFMD typically begins with fever, reduced appetite, sore throat, and a general feeling of being unwell. A distinguishing feature is the appearance of painful mouth sores, often on the tongue, gums, and inside of the cheeks. A rash with flat or raised red spots, sometimes accompanied by small blisters, commonly appears on the palms, soles, and sometimes the buttocks or legs. Symptoms usually resolve within a week to ten days, but discomfort can be significant for young children, who may have trouble eating or drinking due to mouth sores.
Who Is Most at Risk
The disease most often affects children under five, but school-age kids, caregivers, and household contacts can contract HFMD through close contact with an infected person. The contagious period begins just before symptoms appear and can continue for several days after the fever subsides. Practicing vigilance at home, daycare centers, and schools helps reduce transmission during peak season.
Prevention: Practical Steps for Families and Communities
Prevention strategies center on good hygiene and minimizing direct contact with infected individuals. Key recommendations include:
- Wash hands frequently with soap and water, especially after diaper changes, using the toilet, and before meals.
- Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces and shared items, such as toys, doorknobs, and countertops.
- Avoid kissing, hugging, or sharing utensils with someone who is ill.
- Keep children home from daycare or school if they have fever, mouth sores, or a severe rash to reduce spread.
- Encourage fluids and soft foods if mouth sores cause pain when eating; offer cool, soothing options as advised by a clinician.
When to Seek Medical Care
Most HFMD cases are mild and managed at home with rest, fluids, and over‑the‑counter remedies for fever or pain. However, you should contact a healthcare provider if a child has signs of dehydration (too few wet diapers, very dark urine, dry mouth), a fever lasting more than a few days, if mouth sores make it hard to drink, or if you notice a severe or spreading rash. In some cases, HFMD can lead to complications, particularly in young infants or people with weakened immune systems. A clinician can provide guidance on symptom relief and when to seek in-person evaluation.
Long-Term Outlook and Public Health Considerations
Rising HFMD activity underscores the importance of routine hygiene, clean environments, and clear guidelines in schools and childcare settings. Seasonal surges often coincide with back-to-school periods or holiday travel, which can amplify transmission. Public health teams monitor enteroviruses closely and offer updated recommendations for prevention, especially in high‑risk communities.
Bottom Line: Staying Informed and Prepared
As HFMD cases rise, families should stay vigilant about symptoms, maintain strong hygiene habits, and follow local school or daycare policies to minimize spread. While most cases are mild, timely care and supportive measures help ensure children remain comfortable and hydrated during illness. If you’re unsure about symptoms or the level of care needed, reach out to a healthcare professional for guidance.
