Introduction: A rising health concern in India
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is becoming increasingly common in India, with estimates suggesting that about 38% of adults may be affected. The condition often progresses quietly, without dramatic symptoms. While a formal diagnosis requires medical tests like ultrasounds or liver function tests, there are early signs you can notice at home that may warrant a check with a healthcare professional. Gastroenterologist Dr. Saurabh Sethi emphasizes that awareness and timely action can make a difference in outcomes.
1) Persistent fatigue beyond ordinary tiredness
Fatigue in fatty liver disease isn’t just normal tiredness. It’s a constant sense of low energy, even after a full night’s rest. The liver plays a key role in converting nutrients into energy; when fat accumulates, this process slows down. If you feel drained or sluggish during the day on a regular basis, it may be more than stress and worth discussing with a clinician.
2) Central obesity and hidden fat around the abdomen
One of the most telling signs is central obesity—the gradual buildup of fat around the midsection. Even individuals who appear lean elsewhere can notice that the waistline feels tighter. This “hidden” fat around the liver and internal organs is more harmful than subcutaneous fat and often occurs with insulin resistance, signaling potential NAFLD before blood tests show abnormal results.
3) Right-side abdominal discomfort or fullness
A dull discomfort or mild pain on the right side of the abdomen, just under the ribs, can indicate swelling or inflammation of the liver. It’s not always sharp pain; rather, many people feel a sense of pressure, heaviness, or fullness. Since the liver sits in the upper-right abdomen, such sensations should not be ignored, especially when paired with fatigue or weight changes.
4) Signs pointing to insulin resistance
NAFLD is closely linked to insulin resistance. Subtle daily clues may include increased hunger after meals, sudden energy crashes, or dark patches of skin in areas such as the neck or underarms (acanthosis nigricans). These signs may appear long before blood sugar levels reach diabetic ranges, underscoring the importance of early evaluation if several indicators align.
5) Digestive changes and appetite shifts
When the liver struggles to process fats and toxins, digestive comfort can falter. You might notice mild nausea, early fullness after meals, or a general loss of appetite. Dr. Sethi notes that these symptoms reflect the liver’s reduced ability to handle dietary fats efficiently, gradually altering your digestive rhythm without triggering dramatic alarms.
What to do if you notice these signs
These at-home signs don’t diagnose fatty liver, but they provide a reason to seek a medical evaluation. If you experience persistent fatigue, a growing waistline, right-side abdominal discomfort, subtle skin changes, or new digestive patterns, consult a healthcare professional. Simple tests such as liver function tests, ultrasound, and metabolic assessments can help determine whether NAFLD is present and guide management through diet, weight loss, and physical activity.
Taking action for liver health
Healthy lifestyle choices can help reduce NAFLD risk and support liver function. Emphasize a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains; limit added sugars and refined carbohydrates; engage in regular physical activity; and maintain a healthy weight. Early detection and proactive management can slow disease progression and improve overall metabolic health.
