Understanding the Windows 10 end of support and the ESU option
Microsoft has signaled the final phase for Windows 10: mainstream support ends on October 14, 2025. From October 15, 2025 onward, security updates will only be available under the Extended Security Update (ESU) program, and only for a limited period. This means that without ESU, Windows 10 will no longer receive security patches, leaving devices more exposed to newly discovered vulnerabilities.
What is the Extended Security Update (ESU) program?
ESU is a paid program that extends security updates for Windows 10 for a defined window, allowing organizations and individuals time to plan a migration to Windows 11 or another supported operating system. The ESU window runs from October 15, 2025, to October 13, 2026. While ESU helps keep a system protected, it does not bring new features; it only continues essential security patches.
Costs and enrollment: what you need to know
Microsoft has clarified two enrollment paths. You can sign up for ESU on a per-device basis for a one-time fee of about $30, or you can opt for a no‑cost route if you sign in with a Microsoft account (MSA) and remain signed in. In either case, enrollment is optional—there’s no obligation to join ESU, and you can continue to use Windows 10 in the meantime.
Getting started with the ESU enrollment
Microsoft plans to introduce an ESU setup assistant in Windows 10 notifications and the Settings app from early October. This assistant will guide users through the enrollment process and inform them of the available option that best suits their scenario. It’s important to note that the ESU program is primarily designed for devices that still run Windows 10 and meet the eligibility criteria.
Should you upgrade to Windows 11 or stay on Windows 10?
Microsoft remains clear: upgrading to Windows 11 is the recommended path for ongoing updates and security. The upgrade process depends on hardware compatibility, including minimum requirements like TPM 2.0, Secure Boot, and adequate RAM. To check eligibility, run the PC Health Check tool (or the newer compatibility checker if it’s updated). If a device fails the test, fixes such as enabling TPM and Secure Boot or adding RAM may help, but some machines will still be unable to meet Windows 11 requirements.
What if Windows 11 isn’t possible on your device?
For devices that can’t meet Windows 11 requirements, alternatives exist. Some users opt to upgrade to a different operating system, such as a Linux distribution, which continues to receive security updates. Popular choices include Linux Mint, Zorin OS, and Ubuntu, each offering a familiar feel for former Windows users. Before making any switch, back up your data to an external drive or cloud storage as a precaution.
<h2 practical tips for the transition
Whether you choose ESU, Windows 11, or a switch to Linux, these tips help safeguard your data:
- Back up important data before any OS changes.
- Check hardware compatibility with Windows 11 before upgrading.
- Consider refurbished or newer hardware if your device won’t meet Windows 11 requirements.
- Keep an eye on ESU enrollment deadlines and costs to avoid unexpected charges.
Bottom line
Windows 10 will still operate after October 14, 2025, but without ESU, security updates will cease. ESU provides a safety net through October 2026, buying time to transition. Whether you enroll in ESU, move to Windows 11, or switch to Linux, planning and data protection should guide your next steps.
