Global Arms Trade in SIPRI 2025
The SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute) 2025 report offers a comprehensive snapshot of the global arms market, highlighting how geopolitical tensions and rising security concerns have shaped the international flow of weapons. Between 2015 and 2025, global military expenditures surged by about 37%, reflecting a trend toward strengthening defense capabilities around the world. In this context, the world’s seven largest arms exporters continue to dominate the scene, accounting for a substantial share of international transfers. The SIPRI 2025 release confirms the United States as the leading supplier, with a steadily diverse group of European and Asian powers following.
The Top Seven Arms Exporters in 2025
According to SIPRI’s 2025 data, the following seven nations are the world’s largest arms exporters, listed in order of market share. Their combined exports underscore how a few countries shape the global defense landscape:
1) United States (USA) — about 43%
The United States remains by a wide margin the dominant supplier of international arms. Its large network of defense contractors, export controls, and longstanding relationships with allies translate into a sizable share of global transfers. The 43% figure reflects sales to foreign customers over the 2020–2024 window and signals ongoing demand for American missiles, aircraft, naval systems, and other advanced weaponry. Analysts note that this leadership position is underpinned by both a highly capable domestic defense industry and robust government licensing regimes that facilitate international sales while maintaining strategic oversight.
2) France — about 9.6%
France stands as the second-largest exporter, leveraging a broad portfolio that includes fighter aircraft, missiles, submarines, and other military platforms. French defense groups are deeply integrated with European and allied markets, often benefiting from a reputation for precision engineering and interoperability with Western partners. The 9.6% share highlights France’s sustained role in global arms trade, bolstered by ongoing defense cooperation with key customers and partnerships across NATO and allied regions.
3) Russia — about 7.8%
Russia maintains a significant footprint in global arms exports, offering a wide range of hardware, including fighter jets, air defense systems, and naval platforms. The 7.8% share reflects enduring demand from various customers seeking cost-effective, reliable systems. Market dynamics include Russia’s established defense industrial base and longstanding relationships in several regions. However, geopolitical factors and sanctions can influence future deliveries and pricing dynamics.
4) China — about 5.9%
China’s ascent as a major arms producer and exporter reflects a strategic push to diversify its defense footprint beyond domestic requirements. The 5.9% slice illustrates growing interest in Chinese air defense, naval systems, and land platforms, particularly among developing nations seeking cost-efficient, capable alternatives. Ongoing export controls, regional competition, and the evolution of global supply chains will shape China’s share in coming years.
5) Germany — about 5.6%
Germany remains a key European supplier with a strong emphasis on high-precision equipment and technologically advanced systems. The 5.6% share underscores Germany’s role in supporting alliance interoperability and regional defense commitments, including air defense, submarines, and land platforms. As with other exporters, export licensing and end-use monitoring are critical to maintaining responsible trade while meeting international demand.
6) Italy — about 4.8%
Italy contributes a diverse range of defense products, including aircraft and naval systems, to various international markets. The 4.8% share indicates Italy’s steady involvement in arms trade, with suppliers often targeting allied countries and partners seeking modern, interoperable equipment. Italy’s defense industry continues to adapt to evolving security needs and export controls common to the EU framework.
7) United Kingdom — about 3.6%
The United Kingdom remains an important arms exporter, offering combat aircraft, missiles, and naval platforms. The 3.6% share reflects sustained demand from international customers for high-end Western defense technology and the UK’s long-standing defense-industrial capacity. As with other major exporters, UK arms trade is influenced by geopolitical developments, licensing regimes, and global demand cycles.
Context and Implications
The top seven arms exporters collectively account for roughly 80% of global transfers in the period examined by SIPRI. This concentration underscores how a handful of countries shape global defense markets, affect regional security dynamics, and influence geopolitical balance. The growth in military budgets across many nations during the same period signals continued emphasis on deterrence, modernization, and alliance commitments. Policymakers, researchers, and security analysts watch these trends closely, as shifts in export patterns can affect regional stability, technology diffusion, and strategic relationships for years to come.
What This Means for Global Security
Understanding who exports arms—and in what quantities—helps illuminate how countries project power and protect their interests. While these seven nations dominate trade, the dynamics are evolving with new technologies, sanctions regimes, and shifting alliances. Stakeholders should track SIPRI updates, licensing policies, and the impact of global economic conditions on future arms transfers to gauge how the balance of military influence may change in the coming years.
