Introduction to Dengue and Mosquito Threats
The presence of the Aedes albopictus mosquito, commonly known as the tiger mosquito, has been officially reported in Covilhã, a municipality in the Castelo Branco district of Portugal. This mosquito species is a known vector for various diseases, including dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. The Local Health Unit (ULS) of Cova da Beira has issued a crucial warning to the community regarding the potential health risks associated with this mosquito.
Precautionary Measures to Prevent Mosquito Breeding
In light of the recent detection, the ULS urges residents to adopt specific preventive measures to minimize mosquito breeding sites. This includes removing or flipping over containers that can collect water, such as plant saucers, buckets, and bottles.
Moreover, residents are encouraged to cover water storage containers, such as wells and tanks, and to change the water in pet bowls at least once a week. Proper maintenance of swimming pools is also essential—should they not be in use, they should be covered or treated accordingly.
Personal Protective Measures Against Mosquito Bites
In addition to environmental controls, the ULS stresses the importance of individual protection from mosquito bites. Residents are advised to use repellents containing DEET, Picaridin, IR3535, or lemon eucalyptus oil. Wearing long sleeves and pants is also recommended, particularly during dawn and dusk when mosquito activity peaks. Installing mosquito nets on windows and doors can further serve to keep these vectors at bay.
Reporting Cases and Epidemiological Monitoring
In the unfortunate event of a mosquito-borne disease diagnosis—such as dengue, Zika, chikungunya, or yellow fever—prompt notification to the National Epidemiological Surveillance System (SINAVE) is mandatory. This step is vital for tracking the spread of these illnesses and implementing effective public health measures.
National Health Guidelines and Future Outlook
In July 2024, the General Directorate of Health (DGS) advised municipalities, tourist enterprises, and sectors in agriculture and industry to adopt comprehensive prevention and control measures against the mosquito responsible for transmitting Zika and dengue. The DGS highlighted the presence of Aedes albopictus across various municipalities in mainland Portugal as a call for enhanced preventive measures.
The latest reports indicate that areas such as Cascais and Pombal have seen the invasive species, categorized at risk level 1 (yellow) on a scale from 0 to 3, as defined in the National Disease Prevention and Vector Control Plan. This categorization reflects the presence of Aedes mosquitoes and associated disease cases.
A Historical Context of Mosquito Presence in Portugal
The invasive Aedes mosquito presence in Portugal dates back to 2005 when Aedes aegypti was first detected in Madeira. The introduction of Aedes albopictus to mainland Portugal occurred in 2017 in the North (Penafiel) and subsequently in 2018 in the Algarve (Loulé) and in 2022 in the Alentejo (Mértola).
Conclusion
As the presence of Aedes albopictus raises public health concerns, collective efforts are essential to mitigate risks associated with mosquito-borne diseases. By adopting preventive measures and remaining vigilant, residents can significantly contribute to community health and safety.
