Introduction
In a controversial move, Russia has enforced a decree that mandates citizenship for Ukrainians residing in annexed territories. This change, effective since September 10, 2023, is more than just a bureaucratic policy; it has real consequences on the lives of individuals in these regions.
The Decree Explained
The decree imposes substantial restrictions on those who choose to refuse Russian nationality. Ukrainians who opt against this forced citizenship face severe limitations on employment opportunities and access to social services. Notably, they are now prohibited from residing in the territory for more than 90 days, effectively rendering them foreigners in their homeland.
Scope of Citizenship Enforcement
While exact figures are hard to come by, many NGOs estimate that a significant majority of residents in these regions have been coerced or compelled to obtain Russian citizenship. President Vladimir Putin himself stated that over 3.2 million residents from Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporijia, and Kherson have acquired Russian passports, urging continued efforts to facilitate this citizenship process.
The Price of Refusal
For many, rejecting the Russian passport comes with the grim prospect of being ostracized in their own land. Yulia Gorbunova of Human Rights Watch explains the dire consequences of this refusal. Those without Russian citizenship risk expulsion for not adhering to migration rules, essentially transforming them into strangers in their own communities.
Impact on Property Rights
In Kherson, for example, residents have been warned that their properties may be confiscated if they lack Russian citizenship by the end of the year. This threat looms large for those who cling to their homes, which represent their only assets after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Healthcare and Social Services
Access to medical care also presents another layer of difficulty. While not formally barred from hospitals, Ukrainians without Russian passports struggle to secure the necessary medical insurance required for treatment, further isolating them in their struggles.
Violations of International Law
This citizenship mandate is not merely a domestic issue but raises serious concerns regarding international law. Under international humanitarian law, occupying powers are obligated to respect pre-existing laws and safeguard the civilian population, regardless of their citizenship status. Gorbunova emphasizes that Russia’s actions are in clear violation of these legal frameworks, which prohibit altering the demographics of occupied regions.
Consequences for the Younger Population
Another alarming consequence of forced citizenship is the potential conscription of young residents into the Russian military. Gorbunova warns that these individuals may soon be compelled to serve in the Russian armed forces, constituting a potential crime of war.
Preservation of Ukrainian Identity
Maintaining Ukrainian identity is becoming increasingly challenging. Residents risk severe repercussions if they possess documents indicating their previous Ukrainian citizenship. Many have physically lost these documents under duress to apply for Russian nationality, adding to the complexities of their legal identity.
Propaganda and Psychological Manipulation
The Russian government is actively promoting a narrative that persuades the inhabitants of these territories that Ukraine is no longer their country. This propaganda aims to instill fear among residents, suggesting that those holding Russian passports will face criminal charges if they return to non-occupied Ukraine. The underlying message aims to ensure total control over the populace, leaving them feeling trapped and without options.
Conclusion
The decree imposing Russian citizenship on Ukrainians in annexed regions is a critical issue reflecting a broader strategy of control and domination. As international observers, researchers, and human rights advocates continue to monitor developments, it is essential to raise awareness and challenge these violations that impact the lives of millions.
